How to make a random LED Flasher using Arduino Nano

In this project, we'll create a fun and simple random LED flasher using 20 LEDs and an Arduino. This project is perfect for beginners looking to get hands-on experience with Arduino programming and basic electronics.

Materials Needed

- Arduino Nano or any compatible board

- Breadboard

- 20 LEDs

- 20 current-limiting resistors (220Ω recommended)

- Jumper wires

- USB cable to connect Arduino to your computer

Step 1: Set Up Your Workspace

Ensure you have all your materials ready and a clear workspace to assemble your circuit. Connect your Arduino to your computer using the USB cable.

Step 2: Prepare the LEDs and Resistors

Place the 20 LEDs on the breadboard. Connect a 220Ω resistor to the anode (longer leg) of each LED to limit the current and protect the LEDs from burning out.

Step 3: Connect the LEDs to the Arduino

Using jumper wires, connect the cathode (shorter leg) of each LED to a common ground rail on the breadboard. Then, connect the anode of each LED (through the resistor) to a digital pin on the Arduino. Here’s a simple pin mapping:

- LED 1 -> Pin 2

- LED 2 -> Pin 3

- LED 3 -> Pin 4

- ...

- LED 20 -> Pin 21 (Note: Depending on your Arduino model, ensure you are using the available digital pins. If using an Arduino Uno, you might need to adjust the number of LEDs or use a different model with more pins like Arduino Mega.)

Step 4: Write the Arduino Code

Open the Arduino IDE on your computer and write the following code:

Step 5: Upload the Code to the Arduino

Connect your Arduino to your computer using the USB cable. Select your Arduino board and port from the Tools menu in the Arduino IDE, then click the Upload button to upload the code to your Arduino.

Step 6: Test Your Circuit

Once the code is uploaded, your LEDs should start flashing randomly. Control the speed of flashing using the potentiometer. If not, double-check your connections and ensure each LED and resistor are correctly placed.